The Ministry of Health and Family
Welfare comprises of following four Departments:
·
Department of Health and Family Welfare
·
Department of AYUSH
·
Department of Health Research
·
Department of AIDS control
National Programmes:
National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) (launched on 12th
April 2005)
It aims at providing affordable,
accessible, and accountable health services to the poorest households in the
remotest rural regions.
Thrust Area:
To establish a fully functional,
community owned, decentralised health delivery system with inter sectoral
convergence at all levels, to ensure simultaneous action on a wide range of
determinants of health like water, sanitation, education, nutrition, social and
gender equality.
Five pillars of the architectural
corrections envisaged under NRHM:
i.
Increasing Participation and Ownership by the
Community
ii.
Improved Management Capacity
iii.
Flexible Financing
iv.
Innovation in human resources development for
the health sector
v.
Setting of standards and norms with monitoring (Indian
Public Heath Standards)
Progress under NRHM:
National Urban Health Mission (NUHM)
It addresses the needs of public
health care services for urban population. It involves revamping/upgradation/ creation
of primary, secondary and tertiary health care service delivery system in urban
areas.
Population Concern
India accounts for only 2.4 % of
the world’s area yet it supports more than 17.5% of the world’s population.
Total fertility rate has declined
to 2.5 in 2009. 21 states have achieved replacement level fertility (i.e. 2.1)
or less.
·
Delivery of contraceptives at doorstep of
beneficiaries
·
Compensation scheme for sterilization acceptors
·
National Family Planning Insurance Scheme
·
Promoting spacing between births
Maternal Health Programmes
·
Maternal
Mortality Ratio (MMR) it is defined as maternal deaths per 1 lakh live
births due to cause related to pregnancy or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy,
regardless of the site or duration of pregnancy. The national average of MMR is
212 per 100,000 live births. The scheme identified ASHA as a crucial link
between health facility and the community.
·
Janani Suraksha
Yojana (a safe motherhood intervention under NRHM) was launched in 2005 to promote institutional deliveries among
the poor pregnant women. JSY is a 100% centrally sponsored schemes.
·
Janani
Shishu Suraksha Karyakram It entitles all pregnant women delivering in
public health institutions to absolutely free and no expense delivery,
including caesarean section. The entitlement includes free drugs and
consumables, free diagnostics and free blood wherever required. It also
provides for free transport from home to institution. Free diet for 3 days in
case or normal birth and 7 days in case of C-section
Child Health Programmes
India accounts for 22 per cent of
the total number of under‑five deaths
worldwide.
·
Infant Mortality
Rate: It is defined as the probability of dying before the first birthday.
IMR for the country is 47 per 1000 births.
·
Navjat
Shishu Suraksha Karyakram (NSSK): It is a programme aimed to train the
heath personnel in the basic newborn care and resuscitation. The objective is
to have trained health personnel in the Basic newborn care and resuscitation at
every delivery point.
·
Pre-Conception
and Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques (Prohibition of Sex Selection) Act ,1994
·
Mother
and Child Tracking System (MCTS) It is an e-governance initiative of the
Ministry. It is expected to bring down the IMR and MMR, as mandated by Goal 4
and 5 of the MDGs.
·
Universal
Immunization Programme (UIP) It is providing seven vaccination to prevent
preventable diseases i.e. Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus, Polio, Measles,
severe form of Childhood Tuberculosis and Heptitis B.
·
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