Some Basic Concepts about law making in
India
The Mines and Mineral (Development and
Regulation) Bill, 2011
1. It seeks to
consolidate and amend the law relating to the scientific and regulation of
mines and minerals.
2. Gram shabhas,
District Councils or District Panchayats must be consulted before the
notification of an area for mineral concessions
3. State
Government may give concessions in the ST or tribal areas
4. Mining companies
will allot at least one non-transferable share to each person of family
affected by mining related operations
5. The holder of a mining lease shall also
be liable to provide employment in addition to other compensations payable to
affected families or persons
6. State government may levy tax on major
or minor minerals
7. The central government will establish a
National Mineral Fund.
8. The central government shall establish
a National Mining Regulatory Authority and National Mining Tribunal
9. On the similar lines the bill empowers
the States to establish State Mining Regulatory Authorities and State Mining
Tribunals.
10. The central government shall develop a
National Sustainable Development Framework containing guidelines for the
formulation of project-level practices for scientifically environmentally and
socially sustainable mining.
The Prohibition of Manual Scavengers and their Rehabilitation Bill,
2012
1. The
Bill prohibits employing a person as a manual scavenger and provides for the rehabilitation
of people currently in the profession
2. A
“manual scavenger” us defined as a person employed in cleaning human excreta
from insanitary latrines or in an open drain or on a railway track
3. The
bill makes it mandatory for the municipalities, cantonment boards and railway
authorities to construct adequate number of sanitary community latrines within
three years of this Act coming to force
4. The
District Magistrate has to ensure that no person within his jurisdiction is
engaged as a manual scavenger, construct as insanitary latrine, and manual
scavengers are rehabilitated
5. The
State government shall constitute a Vigilance Commission for each district
6. The
National Commission for Safai Karamchari (a statutory body) shall monitor the
implementation of the Act.
7. Every
authority or agency is prohibited from employing a person for hazardous
cleaning (manual cleaning without protective gear and other safety precautions)
of a sewer or a septic tank. This provision is applicable within a year of the
Act coming into force. The penalty for violation in imprisonment for up to two
years or fine up to Rs. 2 lakh or both.
8. Any
contract entered into before this act coming that engages persons fr manual
scavenging shall be deemed to be void
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